Womens Rights In 3rd World Counrties Essay Example For Students

Womens Rights In 3rd World Counrties Essay Womens Rights in 3rd World CounrtiesWomens Rights in 3rd World CountriesThere was a young woman who left her home in Mycrorayan in Kabul, Afghanistan for Peshawar after the January 1994 fighting and told Amnesty International of the following situation. One day when my father was walking past a building complex he heard screams of women coming from an apartment block which had just been captured by forces of General Dostum. He was told by the people that Dostums guards had entered the block and were looting the property and raping the women.The following story comes out of Iran. On August 10, 1994, in the city of Arak, Iran, a woman was sentenced to death by stoning. According to the ruling of the religious judge, her husband and two children were forced to attend the execution. The woman urged her husband to take the children away, but to no avail. A truck full of stones was brought in to be used during the stoning. In the middle of the stoning, although her eyes had been gouged out , the victim was able to escape from the ditch and started running away, but the regimes guards recaptured her and shot her to death.From China comes the following observation. Still in the streets an occasional old crone hobbling around on her miniature bound feet was a relic of the pre-Revolutionary, almost dead past. I also heard an echo of that past in a silk thread factory in Wuxi, China. A woman member of its Revolutionary Committee was introduced to me as a veteran worker. The description astonished me because she looked so young. On inquiry I learned that she was indeed only 34 years old, but that she had toiled in the mill for twenty-six years, having begun this job as an 8-year old child.These three incidents reflect typical crimes and injustices against women in the Third World countries. Crimes against women include abuse, slavery, false imprisonment, murder and rape. In these countries, women are considered to be inferior to men and are not granted equal rights or prote ction under the laws. The governments, religions and cultures of these countries support the inequalities, thus allowing vicious crimes against women to continue without any recourse by the victims. The phrase womens rights refers to the basic human rights that are withheld from women simply because they are women. Womens rights promote political, social and economic equality for women in a society that traditionally confers more status and freedom to men. A basic right is for girls to grow up to be women: today twelve percent of the females born worldwide are missing, many of them victims of infanticide. Other womens rights include: the right to live free of physical abuse, the right to live free of sexual exploitation, the right to health care and nutrition, the right to an acceptable standard of living, the right to chose her own partner, the right to vote, the right to control property, and the right to equal treatment before the law along with freedom of speech. Women in Third World countries do not have the rights that American women enjoy. In most of these countries, women do not even have rights equivalent to those of American women in the nineteenth century. For example, the women have arranged marriages, have very limited access to education and are abused by their arranged husbands. In these countries, women work twice as many hours as men for one-tenth of the income. The inequities vary from country to country, but one thing is in common; the inequalities are all being committed against women. This paper will explore the condition of women in three Third World Countries: Afghanistan, China and Iran. We will write a custom essay on Womens Rights In 3rd World Counrties specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now AfghanistanThey shot my father right in front of me. He was a shopkeeper. It was nine oclock at night. They came to our house and told him they had orders to kill him because he allowed me to go to school. The Mujahideen had already stopped me from going to school, but that was not enough. They then came and killed my father. I cannot describe what they did to me after killing my father. (15-year-old girl, p. 10) This is the story of a 15 year old girl who was repeatedly raped in her house by armed guards after they had killed her father for allowing her to go to school. Afghanistans women do not have many rights at all. All women in Afghanistan are totally deprived of the right to education; Afghanistan has closed down all schools for girls! Women are also not allowed to work. They have been ordered to remain in their houses, and employers have been threatened with dire consequences for hiring female employees. Women cannot venture out of the house alone unless accompanied by an app ropriate male member of the womans immediate family. Afghanistan women do not have the right to quality health care if that health care involves male providers. No women can see a male doctor, family planning is outlawed, and women cannot be operated upon by a surgical team containing a male member regardless of the severity of the situation. The women of Afghanistan also have no legal recourse. A womens testimony is worth half a mans testimony. A woman cannot petition the court directly; a male member from her family must do it for her. Women are not allowed to do anything recreational. All sporting facilities have banned women from their use. Women singers cannot sing, nor are they allowed to show their faces in public or to male strangers. Women cannot wear make-up or brightly colored clothing. They may appear outside their homes only when they are clad head to foot in shapeless garments called burgas. They cannot wear shoes with heels that click or travel in private vehicles wit h male passengers. They do not have the right to raise their voices when speaking in public, nor can they laugh loudly since the culture believes that her laughter lures males into corruption. Women in Afghanistan have few rights at best. They are controlled mostly by their husbands and cannot do anything that relates to politics or government. Most men look upon women as possessions with their bodies and minds owned totally by the men to whom they are sold through marriage. When a women does go against these cultural and religious laws, the usual consequence is a beating or stoning. .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 , .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .postImageUrl , .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 , .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690:hover , .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690:visited , .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690:active { border:0!important; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690:active , .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690 .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfd6dc297f4c705f54970e907b2fa690:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cineplex: Case Study EssayBeatings in Afghanistan occur for what appears to be small insignificant things. If a woman is wearing brightly colored shoes or thin stockings or violating any of the other rules of appearance, they may be beaten which sometimes results in death. Fortunately an era of change is developing, and slowly some of these consequences are becoming less frequent and less severe than they were even five years ago. ChinaHow sad it is to be a woman! Nothing on Earth is held so cheap. No one is glad when a girl is born, by her family sets no store.Although Fu Xuan wrote this poem in 3 AD, the poem still sums up the life of a girl in China. Women are still considered inferior. In China, many people live on the farm, and strong hands are needed in the fields; therefore, the Chinese favor sons over daughters. Sons take care of their parents in their old age, while daughters leave their homes when they marry and became part of the husbands family. Wh..en a baby girl is born, the family views her as a temporary possession. Some parents sell the baby girls when they need the money; these girls are often brought up as household servants or as prostitutes. At other times, baby girls are drowned at birth. Women in China are still considered inferior to men. A women is expected to obey her father as a child, her husband as a woman, and her son in her old age. On the other hand, it is a moral obligation of the person in authority to be just and reasonable. Therefore, the man should be kind but at the same time deal severely with faults. The 19th century saw the beginnings of womens rights for Chinese women. Western missionaries started schools for girls in China that introduced western ideas that influenced the Chinese. In 1901, foot binding was officially banned although it continues to practiced as traditions are hard to destroy..(Sui Noi Goh page 67) In 1919 educated Chinese women took part in movements to modernize China, and give women equal rights with men. In the early 1990s, the Chinese themselves set up schools for girls. During the Great Leap Forward in the 1950s, Mao Zedang gave women equality with men, saying women held up half of the heavens. Women were urged to work in the fields and in the factories with men. Childcare centers were set up so children could be taken care of while their mothers worked Greater attention was paid to womens health as well. Although ideas regarding womens rights have been introduced in China, change is slow due to the long standing reverence for male children. Since 1995, the population in China has been about 1.2 billion. Because of the rapid growth in the population, women are urged to undergo sterilization, and pregnant women are urged to have an abortion.(Sui Noi Goh page 50-51) Since is not the most favorable way to go about controlling the population, China has come up with the one-child policy. This policy permits one child per family if the first born is a boy but permits two children if the first child is a girl No matter what, there may be no third births. In 1994, a survey of couples of childbearing age, 63% had a single child, 25% had a second child, and the remaining 10% had three or more children.(Soi Noi Goh page 50-51) Once a female child is born, the simplest method to avoid having a penalty for having more children is to not record her birth. Families often put baby girls up for adopti on, or they frequently abandon them. In China the gender ratio among Chinese children is 111 males for every 100 females.(Sui Noi Goh page 50-51) This statistic strongly suggests that anti-women sentiment still exists. .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 , .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .postImageUrl , .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 , .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18:hover , .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18:visited , .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18:active { border:0!important; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18:active , .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18 .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f990782537ffa9b84f7286175d9ec18:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breast Cancer EssayIranIran is an unusual country. Religion has always been important to Iranians, but since the revolution of 1979, Iran has become a religious state, where religious rules are state rules. It is the teachings of Islam that determines every aspect of daily life, customs, laws, and government. Thus, when contemporary womens rights in Iran are analyzed, one refers to the fundamental Muslim views regarding women. In a local hadith Islamic class in the year 1,000, the question was asked, Are women basically good or bad? The answer was, I was raised up to heaven and saw that the denizens were poor people: I was raised into the hellfire and saw that most of its denizens were women. This quote demonstrates that men think poorly of women in Iran. In the Islamic culture, women are considered to be the property first of her guardian (usually her father) and then ownership over her is transferred to her husband. Iranian women actually many more rights and freedoms than some other countries in the Middle East. Girls are allowed to go to school and learn, although the schools are segregated according to sex to keep up with the Islamic beliefs. Before the 1970s, only 34 % of the girls attended primary school and even fewer went to universities.(www.geocities.com/~Irrc/Women/iman.htm) Today children between the ages of six and twelve must go to primary school, but not all parents send their daughters to classes. Women of Iran do not own the clothes that they wear. They have no rights over the children and little protection against a violent husband. If a husband kills his wife, her family must pay a considerable amount for his death sentence. If th ey cannot meet the cost, he goes free. A husband can order his wife out of the house. He can divorce her without telling her, and he can have up to four wives. Iranian women have also been pushed out of the work force. All women have been forced into part-time work so that nothing hinders their holy duty of motherhood. In Iran, the women have arranged marriages. The husband is normally chosen by how large a dowry the womans father will provide. Ninety percent of the time, there is no way to get out of an abusive marriage. Abusive behavior is tolerated and goes unpunished. Present TimeWomens rights have changed over time, usually getting better. The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948. This Declaration has a preamble and thirty articles. These articles list the rights of women and men in all aspects of life. The first article in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights explains it all. Article 1All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.This article explains that all women and men should be equal in dignity and rights; equality and rights should not be based on sex or gender. Although not all countries have signed this Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Declaration has more than seventy countries that have agreed to abide by this code of human rights. Afghanistan, Iran and China have not signed this Declaration. Outlook for the 21st CenturyAs of today, womens rights are generally improving, but much advancement is still needed. Hopefully in the 21st century, the worldwide womens rights movement will see more progress. With the support of the internet and news media, people throughout the world are becoming more informed about the atrocities commited against women and the need for womens rights. The Universal Declaration for Human Rights is constantly being updated because more people are demanding that there should be written laws for the humane treatment of women around the world. Since the beginning of time, women have always been treated as inferior to men. The fact of the matter is that the situation will not change overnight. As more people become informed about womens rights and become indignant about the abuses, positive changes for women will surely occur. In conclusion, inequalities and atrocities against women in Afghanistan, China, and Iran are still occurring today. Although some progress has been made and the world is becoming better informed about the plight of these women, further actions are needed immediately to promote the welfare and human rights in these three countries as well as in the rest of the world.

3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles

3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles 3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles 3 Parenthetical Punctuation Puzzles By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"Thanks to technology, we can have independence, relative independence, from the harsh qualities of the real world on a day-to-day basis.† This sentence’s punctuation a series of three commas implies a flat progression of ideas without modulation. But the writer, after the fact, modifies the absolute word independence with the qualifying term relative, and should signal this slight case of backpedaling by marking the phrase â€Å"relative independence† as an interjection: â€Å"Thanks to technology, we can have independence relative independence from the harsh qualities of the real world on a day-to-day basis.† 2. â€Å"You, yes you, can say you were there for the advent of the Apple iPod.† The writer almost immediately interrupts the sentence to emphasize the importance of the reader’s qualification to make the claim. The interruption, however, is weak because it is accomplished with a pair of quotidian commas rather than two dashing dashes. Also, note that if the writer had correctly punctuated the parenthetical phrase (â€Å"yes, you†), the result would be a confusing sequence of three commas (â€Å"You, yes, you, can say . . .†), which would further diminish the impact of the interruption. The correct treatment is â€Å"You yes, you can say you were there for the advent of the Apple iPod.† (The third parenthetical option, to place â€Å"yes, you† in parentheses, is the equivalent of whispering the phrase, which is not the connotation the writer intends.) 3. â€Å"The potato, and for that matter ginger root, are not true roots, but underground stems.† This sentence is a more complicated variation of the one in the previous example complicated, because the interjection (â€Å"and for that matter ginger root†) itself includes a parenthetical phrase that the author has erred in not setting off with punctuation: â€Å"For that matter† is an interjection within the phrase â€Å"and ginger root.† The larger interjection should be set off by em dashes, though parentheses are also correct; commas will suffice for the one within: â€Å"The potato and, for that matter, ginger root is not a true root, but an underground stem.† (Note, too, that I altered the sentence’s plural construction to a singular one: Factually, ginger root is also an underground stem rather than a true root, but in the sentence as it is structured, because ginger root is within a parenthetical phrase, is and the nouns root and stem refer only to potato.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesWhen to Form a Plural with an ApostrophePeople vs. Persons

Critical Thinking Essay #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking #2 - Essay Example Although the industry does not own provide a very huge share of the nation’s national product, it is greatly contributes to the budget of the government, and besides, it is the factor behind the huge economic growth of Iran (Karl, 1997). The export of oil is the main source of direct revenue for the Middle East nations governments taking into account their lands are desert. Moreover, it also provides indirect revenue through the taxes that are levied on imports as well as several other activities that are financed by the money from oil and besides, foreign exchange be also earned. All these are beneficial as they maintain other sectors within the economy of the Middle East countries (Karl, 1997). In addition, agriculture is also dependent on imports that are financed by oil; hence, Middle East nations’ food supply is alleged to rely on imports. However, food supply also depends on the annual rainfall as well as several other conditions. Despite the number of benefits brought about by oil, in Iran, for instance, the nationals of the country have lived to be haunted by its discovery. Thus, the presence of oil reserves in the Middle East affects the states economically, politically, as well as socio-culturally but the sector, which is highly affected, is the nations’ political economy. Insecurity is also brought about by the presence of oil; similarly, oil has made Middle East to be vulnerable to interferences from the foreign nations, leading to the damage of the historical development of the nations in Middle East (Henry & Springborg, 2001). Monetary resources within the region have greatly been increased by the discovery of oil in the nation. Because the region is endowed with numerous resources, the problem of allocating the fund also comes up. Foreign Super-powers always intervened in Middle East nations that have too much oil and tend to manipulate their governments. Moreover, international oil firms always aim exploit oil

Timmers Proposed Business Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Timmers Proposed Business Models - Essay Example He gave the definition of a business model as being an architecture for the business, a description of benefits for the business actors and a description of a source of revenues (Timmers, 1998). His business models were e-shop, e-procurement, e-auction, e-mall, third-party marketplace, virtual communities, value-chain service provider, value-chain integrators, collaboration platforms, and information brokerage, trust and other services (Timmers, 1998). The e-shop model was envisioned by Timmers to be the Web marketing of a company or a shop. The Internet portion of this business was marketing. Timmers also stated that the Internet may also be used to order the goods and services, as well as pay for the goods and services. E-procurement is the procurement of goods and services. At that time, large companies and public authorities were the ones procuring in this manner. E-auction is another business model. This is where individuals bid on goods, much like E-Bay. E-mall was envisioned a s an electronic mall, which would consist of e-shops connected by a common umbrella, like a well-known brand. A third-party marketplace is where companies leave the Internet marketing to a third party, such as a marketing event such as e-Christmas. Virtual communities is another business model, which can generate both advertising revenues and membership fees as its income source. Amazon.com was cited as a virtual community by Timmers, as well as communities offering apparel and technology. Value-chain service provider is another e-commerce business model, and this is where a company specializes in a specific part of the value chain, such as electronic payments. Value-chain integrators are business which integrate the value chain. The collaboration platform provides tools and information for collaboration between enterprises. Information brokerage, trust and services are business which add value to the data available on open networks, such as information search, customer profiling, i nvestment advice and the like (Timmers, 1998). Critique of Timmers' Business Models Wirtz et al. integrates some of Timmers' concepts, stating that there are four broad internet business models - content oriented business models, which provide on-line access to content, such as magazines and newspapers on-line; commerce oriented, which offer goods and services on-line; context-oriented, which structures the information found on the web, as opposed to providing content, goods or services; and connection-oriented, which provide the infrastructure which enables the user's participation in online networks (Wirtz et al., 2010, p. 4). Likewise, Tvrkiova and Koubek (2010) integrate the ways that firms may do business and put them into broader categories than did Timmers. They state that electronic business models may be classified as e-business, which means that communication and commerce uses the Internet as the main instrument; e-commerce, in which modern communication technologies are u sed to increase the effectiveness of relationships between companies and consumers; e-marketplace, which is a marketplace, much like an e-mall; e-procurement, which is a business model where business obtain or provide something over the Internet; and e-marketing, where business sell products through a network (Tvrdikova & Koubek, 2010, p. 271). Rao et al. Classifies e-business applications into three major categories. The first category is electronic marketplaces, where goods and services are bought and sold; interorganizational systems, which facilitate the flow of goods, services, communication and collaboration; and customer service, which provide customer service, such as handling complaints and tracking orders (Rao &

People's lives continue to be shaped in the main by social Essay

People's lives continue to be shaped in the main by social structures'. Discuss this view, drawing on material from at the least three blocks of DD100 in your answer - Essay Example tity of a man is not only vital representation of his self but it is also medium that significantly contributes to a knowledge base that others can instantly access to have a general idea of their orientation towards conflicts and other relevant issues. The social construction of human identity thus becomes the most important element which significantly impacts people’s lives. Construction of social structures and social identities are often influenced by hordes of issues, which are defined by individual ideology, group representation, professional competencies, intercultural compulsions etc. which facilitate better understanding and access to networking with organizations and groups in order to avail the emerging opportunities for their personal and professional growth. Thus giving rise to behavioural pattern of the people that directly correlates with the values and value system of the person and his environment. There are various means through which persons imbibe the values that they carry all through their life. Some of them may be through the socio-religious culture that they follow while others might be acquired through changing paradigms of the work environment that is in perpetual influx. A person identified as student, as American or as an artisan etc. can proclaim certain privileges that are associated with that particular identity. ‘Identities are produced in a social context, but through individuals thinking about what links them to the social world†¦ Symbols and representations are important in the production of identities. This is how we signal our identities to others and how we know which people we identify with.’ (Woodward, 2004, p.12). Social construction is a distributed network of human relationship with respect to its environment. The role of religion in the life of a man is one of the most important facet that has long lasting effect not only on an individual’s life but its influence can be observed as a kaleidoscope of mixed

Racism all around

Racism all around Racism Most of us deal with it sometimes; you are just taking a walk outside, and see a group of ‘foreign people at the corner of the street (which you consider Turkish), just walking or cycling. Then suddenly your head make a little switch, and all sort of thoughts come in, like: ‘They are never doing anything useful. Or: ‘They are living in the Netherlands, and we all pay for their benefit. Or: ‘I have to watch out, they are dangerous!. But actually you do not know that. You cannot judge people on what they look like. When you do, that is called racism; judging people on their skin colour and roots. Its something that is not fair whatsoever. But what is it exactly? And why does it exist? Has racism always existed during human history? And what are the consequences? And what can you do to stop it? What is racism exactly and why does it exist? Mostly racism includes a (mostly negative) judgment on people with (as I mentioned in the introduction) different roots and races, different physical features or different abilities. It is mostly based on ideas and prejudices which are not proven to be true. It is mostly an incomplete idea of the reality which is (partly) wrong. Has racism always existed during human history? During the whole human history there has been racism. People always need to feel important. They need to feel ‘better than other people, and therefore they need people from which they can say: ‘They are less important than me. It is not likely for them to say that about people which they are related to, or which are like them. Because that would mean that they are just like them. No, they need people which are different. There are many horrible things that happened in history, as consequence of racism. I think the worst example of this is the World War II. During that was, millions of Jewish people were killed. Hitler, who was the cause of this horrible war, thought that people should preferably have blond hair and blue eyes. People should exactly be like he had them in his mind. This was one of the reasons that so many people were killed. During the war also a lot of disabled and Gypsies were murdered. By the way, all trough history (also before the Second World War) Jews were the target of racism. A lot of them were already killed before Hitler started the war. Before that, a lot of Africans and Asians were used as slaves. They were ‘owned by rich European people, and they were treated very badly. The Europeans saw them as some animals, who had to work for them. I consider that too racism. Because they would never let e.g. their little sister work for them like that. That is just a fact. I can even use what I recently learned in history class. The chapter was about the middle ages, and the people who had the same profession (which lived in the same city), formed a corporation. They worked together, do defend themselves from people who would stop their economy from being successful. After some time, they just didnt let new citizens in, into their corporation, even though they probably had great ideas for them to improve their trade and production. I also consider this an example of racism, because those people were from another city, they were not allowed to join the corporation and have a certain profession. Taking death penalty in the US as another example of racism; research pointed out that black skinned people, who had committed a crime and were to be executed,   were obviously executed earlier and more often than white skinned people. The same happens in e.g. Saudi Arabia. If a foreigner commits a crime (or is suspected to have committed a crime), there is no way he could defend himself. The local people can understand what the judge is saying, and they can have a lawyer. But as foreigner there is not really a chance that you will either understand the whole process, or will be able to defend yourself. So now you can see that racism is not something that just started to exist. It has always existed in times when humans were there. What are the consequences of racism? In the past, racism led to rules which concerned only a certain group of people. It caused a difference in rights of humans with a different skin colour, religion, or with differences in any other way. People were separated and segregation started (segregation in cities for example mean that there are different neighborhoods where the people from the same country/culture live close together. You can see this very clearly in some big cities in the US). Because of racism, people are ‘taught to consider a group of foreigners or immigrants to be ‘less important and ‘different. This can have different consequences. On individuals it can cause unhappiness and frustration because they are not being understood. This can result into physical problems. But here is my point; in the Netherlands there are many people who think foreigners and black people who live here, cause a lot more problems and use a lot more violence than normal Dutch people. When we see some Turkish boys walking on the street, we automatically link that to the bad reputation they have. I think I can partly understand them getting angry if people are looking at them like they are outsiders or strangers. Maybe, the few who do, just shout at us because they want to stand up for themselves. Because they do not want to be considered different. Probably it is also the media who is part of the blame. If some Moroccan boys have committed a crime, that is literally (Moroccan boys) in the newspaper, as if they are just not one of us. The strange thing is: I have never seen a newspaper which says: ‘Two Dutch boys stole a bike. People who are subjected to racism, are mostly held responsible for certain problems. They are sometimes said to be the reason for overcrowding in a country, and economical problems like unemployment and inflation. While, in fact, these people are often more effected by such problems then other people. They only suffer from them, instead of causing them. This process does not take place without a reason. Those people who suffer from racism, are mostly one of the weakest groups in the society. People can easily blame them for things without having big problems. And because of the fact that people think those groups are the cause of the problems, they are in a way kept ‘weak. They have a certain mark, and that makes their opportunity to take part in the society in a normal way, less probable. What can you do to stop racism? There are some things you can do about racism, but in peoples minds it will never go away, I guess. Its important to make universal rules about racism that everyone knows. At the moment there are a lot of countries in the world where racism is prohibited. They have made a law that it is not allowed to use racism. If you do, you are ‘guilty of racism. But the government cannot punish you. Often this law is part of the constitution of a country. This is because freedom of expression and freedom of speech are in most Western countries also a main part of the constitution. And you cannot punish someone for his or her thoughts and opinion in the modern world. This means racism is very difficult to stop. But still you can find the ‘law about racism being forbidden in the Treaty for the rights of Humans (I am not certain about this translation), which is set up by the European Union. So racism is the judgment of people from other races, who have other roots and look different. It has been occurring ever since the human population started existing. And even now it still happens that people use racism. As result of racism people get unsecure and unhappy. I can understand if they feel like people consider them as outsiders, they get a little angry inside. I think the media is part of the blame. Anyway, our constitution says racism is forbidden. Although it is hardly possible to punish people for it, due the freedom of expression, I think it should never happen!

Minor Characters in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

The Minor Characters of Jane Eyre All the minor characters who appear in the novel, Jane Eyre are only sketched in, so to speak. They are "flat"; not developed in the way that the central three characters are developed. All of them are conventional; behave and speak conventionally, and do not develop at all. They are set merely as foils for the central characters, and they tend to be extremes or stereotypes, behaving very predictably and not surprising us with any unexpected reaction. Some of the minor characters who parallel aspects of Jane's character, like Maria Temple and Helen Burns, are idealised - made to seem saint-like. others, who contrast with Jane, like Georgiana Reed and Blanche Ingram, are grotesque in order to emphasise the difference between them and her.They become, in effect, symbolic and their excesses or virtues sharpen the contrast with Jane. Georgiana and Eliza Reed are described by JE as "feeling without judgement"(Georgiana) and "Judgement without feeling" (Eliza) - both are drawn by CB to show the results of each type of excessive behaviour. JE herself has to fight to preserve the balance in HER character between Judgement and feeling - the Reed sisters therefore provide an indicator as to what happens if the balance goes wrong. Blanche Ingram is a woman without scruples or morality - haughty and proud - very beautiful and priveleged - she is nevertheless shallow and intellectually inferior. She is a warning shadow to JE, who is soon to be faced with the temptation to give in to her passions and embrace the shallow life of a courtesan, when Rochester pleads with her to go to the continent with him after the "wedding". The more virtuous minor characters serve the same function, standing as moral or spiritual beacons to which Jane may aspire, but may not ever reach. Maria Temple - the charitable schoolteacher is both an example and a warning. She can and does serve as a role-model for Jane, but she is also a powerless female - having to answer for her independence to a wrathful Mr Brocklehurst, and having no real authority when he is on the premises. Her position is servile and inferior and she submits to it. JE later will break this pattern at Thornfield, in her dealings with her employer, but ironically her habit of submissiveness is gained as a direct result of association with Maria Temple.

Frankenstein: Born Evil or Socially Corrupted Essay

Was the Being Frankenstein created born evil or was he shaped into being evil? Or any man for that matter? Nobody is born evil. They are taught evil ways. They are corrupted by society. In the book Frankenstein, the Being created is looked at as a symbol of evil who only seeks to destroy everything in his path. However, the Being was corrupted by the initial rejection of his creator. It is true that man could be considered evil, but I believe that man is born good and simply put, corrupted by the evil that already exists in the world. As in Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein creates a being that he later turns away from due to its hideousness, but the Being was created with a innocence and pureness that all men are born into. The Being appears aside Frankenstein after he is awakened from a nightmare. The Being seems to want to communicate with his creator but he had not been taught. Victor takes his behavior as a form of malice. â€Å"And his eyes, if eyes they may be called, were fixed on me. His jaw opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ne hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed downstairs† (Shelley, p. 43). Victor even states that he is deliberately avoiding communication with the Being due to its hideousness. Victor Frankenstein of all people should understand the importance of love and the care of a parent in order to become moral and a good human being in general. He often talked about how attentive his parents were with him growing up. â€Å"†¦They always seemed to draw inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love to bestow upon me†¦ he innocent and helpless creature bestowed on them by heaven, whom to bring up to good, and whose future lot it was in their hands to direct to happiness or misery, according as they fulfilled their duties towards me† (p. 19). According to Victor it was his parents love for him that helped shape his future. By abandoning the creature he has created, Victor Frankenstein helps raise feelings of vengeance toward himself by the Being which leads it to kill members of the Frankenstein family. The Being sets out to find someone to talk to as he can’t talk to his creator. He unknowingly looks to Victor’s younger brother William and hopes that society has not corrupted the young innocent child and that William will accept him despite his looks. The Being is disappointed when his hideous looks scare William, after discovering that he is Victor’s family, he kills the young boy. It is after having been rejected by man twice that the creature resorts to committing murder. Still the Being tries hard to do good, trying to save a woman drowning, but she also struggles against him, trying to get away. After being shot by her companion, the Being resorts to thinking that he must kill her too. â€Å"I am malicious because I am miserable. Am I not shunned and hated by all mankind? You, my creator, would tear me to pieces and triumph; remember that and tell me why I should pity man more than he pities me? You would not call it murder if you could precipitate me into one of those ice-rifts and destroy my frame†¦ † (p. 130).

House of Spirits essays

House of Spirits essays Isabel Allende was born August 2, 1942. Although born in Peru, she was raised in Chile as the daughter of government official. She began her writing career as a journalist and worked throughout South America. Allende begins writing all of her novels on January 8. The tradition began when, on that date, Isabel received word that her grandfather was dying. She was so moved by the news that she began composing a letter which turned into her first novel, The House of Spirits. Since then, Allende has not started a novel on any other date. On her Website, www.isabelallede.com, she explains her formula for an innovative and successful story line. Allende suggest carrying around a notebook and noting inspiration. She acknowledges that inspiration could be a portion of a conversation or a road sign. She also reveals that almost all her characters are modeled after family members, friends, or people she has met briefly. According to Allende, When I develop a character I usually look for a person who can serve as a model. If I have that person in mind, it is easier for me to create characters that are believable. People are complex and complicated, they seldom show all the aspects of their personalities, characters should be that way too. Allendes poetic style and colorful language are her trademark. She writes all of her novels and short stories in Spanish, because as she explains, I can only write fiction in Spanish, because it is for me a very organic process that I can only do in my language. Isabel Allende has written many books including: The House of the Spirits, (novel) Spain 1982, Of Love and Shadows, (novel) Spain 1984, Eva Luna', (novel) Spain 1985, Stories of Eva Luna, (short stories) Spain 1989, The Infinite Plan, (novel) Spain 1991, Paula, (novel) Spain 1994, Aphrodite (recipes, stories and other aphrodisia...

University of Portland Admissions and Acceptance Rate

University of Portland Admissions and Acceptance Rate The University of Portland has an acceptance rate of 61%, and successful applicants typically have grades and standardized test scores that are above average. For the class entering in 2016, students had an average 1193 SAT score, 26 composite ACT score, and 3.65 unweighted GPA. Applicants can use either the Common Application or the University of Portland Application. The application process includes a recommendation and an essay. Will you get in? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) University of Portland Acceptance Rate: 61  percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for UPTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 540 / 660SAT Math: 540 / 640What these SAT numbers meanCompare SAT scores for Oregon collegesTop Catholic colleges SAT score chartACT Composite: 23 / 29ACT English: 24 / 28Compare ACT scores for Oregon colleges University of Portland Description Founded in 1901, the University of Portland is a Catholic university affiliated with the Congregation of the Holy Cross. The school is committed to teaching, faith, and service. The University of Portland frequently ranks among the best western masters universities and the nations  top Catholic universities. It also earns high marks for its value. The school has a 14  to 1  student/faculty ratio, and among undergraduates nursing, engineering and business fields are all popular. The engineering programs frequently place well in national rankings. In athletics, the Portland Pilots compete in the NCAA Division I  West Coast Conference. The beautiful campus is located on  a bluff overlooking the Willamette River, leading to its nickname, The Bluff. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 4,383  (3,798 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41 percent Male / 59 percent Female98 percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $44,104Books: $864 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,394Other Expenses: $1,618Total Cost: $58,980 University of Portland Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 99  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99 percentLoans: 46 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $22,637Loans: $7,179 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Biology, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Elementary Education, English, Finance, Marketing, Mechanical Engineering, Nursing, Organizational Communication, Political Science, PsychologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 91  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 75 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 82  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Soccer, Tennis, Basketball, Baseball, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports: Soccer, Tennis, Volleyball, Basketball, Track and FieldFun facts: The mascot is a river pilot, not an airplane pilot. The University of Portland buried the football a century ago and does not have a football team. If You Like the University of Portland, You May Also Like These Schools University of Oregon: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Washington: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSeattle University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLewis Clark College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of San Francisco: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGeorge Fox University: ProfileUniversity of Hawaii Manoa: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of San Diego: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphOregon State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGonzaga University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPortland State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPacific Lutheran University: Profile University of Portland Mission Statement mission statement from  https://www1.up.edu/about/mission.html The University of Portland, an independently governed Catholic university guided by the Congregation of Holy Cross, addresses significant questions of human concern through disciplinary and interdisciplinary studies of the arts, sciences, and humanities and through studies in majors and professional programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. As a diverse community of scholars dedicated to excellence and innovation, we pursue teaching and learning, faith and formation, service and leadership in the classroom, residence halls, and the world. Because we value the development of the whole person, the University honors faith and reason as ways of knowing, promotes ethical reflection, and prepares people who respond to the needs of the world and its human family. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Explaining the American Renaissance Paper Essay

Explaining the American Renaissance Paper - Essay Example an appendage to Europe was too much to bear and Emerson in a belligerent Phi Beta Kappa Address at Harvard in 1837 boldly declared "We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds...† (Emerson, Aug 31, 1837) This clarion call for breaking the shackles opened the floodgates of American writing which for the first time transcended the boundaries of utilitarian, political, and spiritual writing (which had till then been the dominant nature of American output) and metamorphosed into true literature. All American writing however was not utilitarian, political or spiritual before the advent of Emerson and his group of Transcendentalists located at Concord, Massachusetts. American literary scene had eminently powerful exponents in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Lowell who in their own way were depicting the nuances of American psyche. But these gentlemen, and a few more similar to them, were steeped in European culture and what they were attempting was in effect to pour the American experience in a European mold to obtain something which had American flavor but European form. Lowell, in particular, in Harvard Commemoration Ode (1865) was at his creative best. The problem which these intellectuals faced was the absence of a European backdrop in American countryside. There were no Rolling Meadows or Lake Districts to foster creative juices of these authors, and above all, there were no legends or tales of grandeur, glory or tragedy that had formed the canvas of many a European masterpiece. This absence of a familiar environment perhaps forced Edgar Allen Poe to import an Italian backdrop to add necessary weight and flavor to one of his creations. A reaction to this overdependence on Europe divorced from the realities of America was waiting to happen and took shape in the form of American Renaissance. The credit of coining the term â€Å"American Renaissance† goes to F. O. Matthiessen who used this new

Design patterns Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design patterns - Research Paper Example The observer design pattern highlights a one-to-many reliance between a subject object and any amount of server objects. This is significant when the subject object alters situation, all its observer objects will not be updated and notified instinctively (Butler, 2012). The observer design pattern is also used when the subject object is not aware of the number of observer objects present. Finally, it is used if the subject object is required to inform its observer objects without being aware of the nature of the objects. Advantages First, the observer pattern is a terrific way of maintaining action based applications in significant architectures. In a given application, an individual may have a large number of events taking place at the same time in a browser session. Second, a person may reduce event attachment and enable the observable object to deal with the actions on your behalf using a sole event listener and pass on the information to different subscribers, thus lessening spee ding up connection and memory performance. Third, the dynamic link between observer and subject may be instituted at run time. This provides extra programming flexibility. Fourth, there is support for broad communication. The notice is transmitted involuntarily to the interested objects that may subscribe to it (Madsen, 2012). Disadvantages One, there is a lot of cost incurred in load time when installing the observable objects. Two, there are unanticipated updates. Observers are not aware of one another and are oblivious to the cost of alteration in subject. Three, the update dependence may be difficult to discover due to the dynamic association between observers and subject (Madsen, 2012). Creational Pattern: Prototype Creational design patterns refer to design patterns that handle object creation mechanisms, attempting to develop objects in a way fitting to the situation. The prototype design pattern identifies the form of object to develop utilizing a prototypical instance, and develops novel objects through cloning the prototype. The prototype design pattern is used to elude the intrinsic cost of developing a novel object in the conventional way when it is prohibitively costly for a specified application (Chandler & Munday, 2012). In addition, the prototype design pattern is utilized to avert subclasses of an object designer in the application of the client, in the same way as the abstract factory pattern. Advantages One, the prototype design pattern establishes a profound copy of the complicated hierarchy of objects. The prototype design pattern assists in lessening the work given all objects in the composition can enforce ICloneable interface. This is an essential design pattern in copying objects, for example, trees. Two, the design pattern causes a decreased load of initialization. All novel objects developed using the clone technique highlights the precise object form of the initial object (Proctor, 2011). The need of initialization may be tremendous ly lessened by utilizing the prototype design pattern. It allows an individual to develop a clone of the original object developed in the application to readily have the objects initialized to the default or non-default state. Three, the design pattern causes a simplified process of copying objects. Since copying the object is conducted recursively by calling the clone tech